Mechanisms of Toxicity which Impact on Risk Assessment and Safety Evaluation.

Toxicology study aimed to understand the mechanisms of toxicity which impact on risk assessment and safety evaluation. Xenobiotic due to industrialization have hugeadverse effects on human and animal health. Toxicological studies are having great importance in marking the relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism. In the previous volume 2 issue 2 of the journal comprised of 4 research article and a short communication received across the globe.

Municipal effluents are complex mixtures of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and pharmaceutical along with microorganisms which are a major source of contamination to aquatic biota. The purpose of Gagnes study was to assess the effects of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles in adult fathead minnows. For assessing the immunocompetence leucocyte viability, phagocytosis activity, oxidative stress and DNA strand breaks in gills methods were employed. The results reveals that ingested nanoparticles could affect the immune system of fish exposed to municipal wastewaters in comparison with non-exposed fish, and exposed fishes were more vulnerable to pathogenic microorganisms.(Read More)